![]() A diode needed for direction and resisters are needed for precise voltage control. But basically we need “signal based control”. So, “when car runs faster more wind flows inwards” theory might be useful there. That has one usage – on drone like stuffs, other Laws of aerodynamics work. That type of control is too basic & we are not discussing here. There is a concept of controlling the voltage to drive the motor slower – it is basically like “when car runs faster more wind flows inwards” theory. Obviously, if the voltage goes below 1 volt or closer, motor is unlikely to start. ![]() You should use a multimeter to check both – resistance of the motor and the points where the motor will be added. A 3V DC Motor is brush motor which has two legs. If you start with a 3V DC Motor, it becomes easy as previously described external power for breadboard is not required. That guide also has video and easy for a beginner. If you more nice but easy guide, you can follow our guide on Arduino 3V Motor Speed Variation Control with one transistor, two resistors and one diode. What we expect? we will code via Arduino IDE and control the rotation per minute or even can reverse it. There are lot of things to know and we are assuming that the reader knows nothing. * This is a free software with NO WARRANTY.Here is a Detailed Guide on Arduino 3V DC Motor Control To Have a Basic Idea On Control With Transistor, IC etc. * Sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor control with Arduino UNO (Arduino DIY ESC). To fully understand the code, read the ATmega328 datasheet! In this project I used the analog comparator interrupt and I used its interrupt on rising (transition from low to high) and interrupt on falling (transition from high to low), this makes the zero crossing events interrupt the microcontroller. When the positive pin voltage is higher than the negative pin voltage, the output of the analog comparator ACO is set, and when the positive pin voltage is lower than the negative pin voltage, ACO is cleared. The analog comparator compares the positive input AIN0 (Arduino pin 6) with the negative input which can be AIN1 (pin 7), ADC2 (pin A2) or ADC3 (pin A3). The duty cycles of the PWM signals are updated when a pushbutton is pressed (speed up or speed down) by writing to their registers (OCR1A, OCR1B and OCR2A). Both Timer modules are configured to generate a PWM signal with a frequency of about 31KHz and a resolution of 8 bits. The code below does not use any BLDC motor library.Īs mentioned above, Arduino pins 9, 10 and 11 can generate PWM signals where pin 9 and pin 10 are related with Timer1 module (OC1A and OC1B) and pin 11 is related with Timer2 module (OC2A). Sensorless BLDC motor control with Arduino code: ![]() The Arduino UNO can generate PWM signals on that pins where only high side mosfets are PWMed. The HIN lines of the three IR2101 are connected to pins 11, 10 and 9 respectively for phase A, phase B and phase C. The figure below shows input and output timing diagram: The IR2101 chips are used to control high side and low side mosfets of each phase. The switching between the high side and the low side is done according to the control lines HIN and LIN. This minimizes the hardware needed and simplifies the circuit. Each time the comparator compares the virtual point with the BEMF of one phase (this is done in the software). ![]() So I connected the virtual natural point to the positive pin of the analog comparator (pin 6), phase A BEMF to pin 7 (AIN1), phase B BEMF to pin A2 and phase C BEMF to pin A3. The positive input of this comparator is on Arduino uno pin 6 (AIN0) and the negative input can be pin 7 (AIN1), A0 (ADC0), A1 (ADC1), A2 (ADC2), A3 (ADC3), A4 (ADC4) or A5 (ADC5). The Arduino UNO board is based on the ATmega328P microcontroller which has one analog comparator. The virtual natural point is connected to Arduino pin 6. The first three 33k (connected to motor phases) and the three 10k resistors are used as voltage dividers, because we can not supply the microcontroller with 12V, the other three 33k resistors generate the virtual natural point. ![]()
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